New Zealand Healthcare: Impact of Health Targets and Policy

New Zealand Healthcare: Impact of Health Targets and Policy Analyse the impacts of health targets, campaigns and policy on the New Zealand healthcare demand by using the following determinants: User fees An aging population Increased Immunisation requirements Helping smokers to quit Better diabetes and cardiovascular services More convenient health care in the community Increased Immunization MINISTRY OF HEALTH TARGET: â€Å"90 percent of eight months old will have their primary course of immunization on time by July 2014 and 95 percent by December 2014. The quarterly progress result includes children who turned eight months old during the three month period of the quarter and who were fully immunized at that stage.† It has been shown that the increase rates of children having immunization has a significant contribution in improving the New Zealand’s children health as evidenced by reducing the number of long-term disability triggered by illnesses. The Ministry of Health site one example of the impact of immunization where there is a significant decrease of pneumococcal infection in babies. Since this pneumococcal vaccine introduced in New Zealand, the number of children contracting this virus under two years old has halved (from over 96 percent dropped to 46.4 percent). Those children infected with this virus gets very susceptible and the worst thing will happen was to die if left untreated or developed worst complication. It is also reported that in this modern time, families having a children under two years old is now keen on visiting primary health care services often for vaccinations. The improved rates of contact was seen specifically for Maori and Pacific children as manifested by decrease in the number of hospital admissions for Maori and Pacific children for illnesses. â€Å"By creating an immunization target, tracking immunization events on National Immunization Register and raising the importance of immunization for the children, they will have taken huge strides in recognizing and addressing children health needs† (Ministry of Health 2002). Better help the smokers to quit MINISTRY OF HEALTH TARGET: â€Å"95 percent of hospitalized patients who smoke and are seen by a health practitioner in public hospitals and 90 percent of enrolled patients who smoke and are seen by a health practitioner in general practice are offered brief advice and support to quit smoking.† Indeed, smoking is dangerous. Smoking is said to kill about 5000 individuals each year in New Zealand and diseases that are smoking related are a major prospect rate to the health sector. Majority of the smokers want to quit and the government introduces a simple effective way that can be provided regularly by both primary and secondary care. Last 2007, the Ministry of Health published an update for Smoking Cessation Guidelines which they call it ABC approach. It will help the healthcare workers specifically the frontlines of health such as doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals to understand the key steps in helping those individuals who smoke to quit on smoking. This approach is to Ask people about their smoking status and document their response, provide a Brief advice on how to stop smoking regardless of their motivation and desire to quit and provide an evidence-based Cessation treatment. This approach does not use to replace the smoking treatment yet this is to provide a key strategies to help in educating and bringing the awareness to every individual who smoke to stop smoking. This approach is also used to lessen the smoke-related hospital admission. Though it is very hard to stop smoking completely, it is said that one out of forty people who receive a good advice using ABC approach will help them to stop from smoking. The government believes that a little help can make all the difference. Better Diabetes and Cardiovascular Services MINISTRY OF HALTH TARGET: â€Å"90 percent of the eligible population will have had their cardiovascular risk assessed in the last five years.† Diabetes and Cardiovascular conditions foresees as a future major health burden in New Zealand. This two conditions said to be the major cause of morbidity in New Zealand and majority affects Maori, Pacific and South Asian peoples. As the people ages, and the lifestyle change, these conditions are possibly to increase significantly. This condition is greatly preventable with lifestyle changes and treatments for those who are at risk individuals. As of now, it is considered as a major and growing reason of disability and premature death. According to report given by Ministry of Health there are nearly 200,000 individuals diagnosed with diabetes and there are also thousands of people who have diabetes but not yet had it diagnosed. Through this targets with the aim of an increase percentage of the entitled peoples will have their cardiovascular risk assessed in the last five years, increase percentage of individuals with diabetes will avail free checks annually and an increase percentage of individuals with diabetes will receive improved diabetes management. The government will help to improve the health condition of those person suffering from this condition and will be able to live the life as normal as possible. The New Zealand government specifically the Ministry of Health is working to manage the existing issue. They are developing number of innovative programs underway to reach those people. They are making sure that those person having diabetes and cardiovascular problem are being managed effectively and are making the necessary changes to reduce the risk. They are now coordinating with the District Health Boards, Local Government and some Non-government organizations to attain the target for better assessment of this two conditions at specified time. Aging population New Zealand has an ageing population. This is one of three demographic trends that characterize recent changes in New Zealand’s population structure: declining fertility, the ageing of the baby boom generation and an increase in average life expectancy. As a result, the composition of New Zealand’s population pyramid is changing, with a widening at the top in the older age groups (Stephenson and Scobie 2002). â€Å"New Zealand is not alone in addressing the implications of population ageing. Many countries are facing the prospect or reality of an increase in the proportion of the population aged 65 and over. One of the main concerns created by an increasing older population is the impact this might have on the demand for and provision of health care and disability services (Ministry of Health 2002d).† â€Å"Changes in the trends in age-specific illnesses will have an impact on the demand for future health and disability services. It indicates that it is not old age per se that results in increasing health costs and demands, but the increased survival of people with poor health into old age. Increased demand for health services may relate to the growth of unhealthy lifestyles in Western countries, with a reliance on processed foods, reduction in exercise and an increase in sedentary jobs. These are associated with increasing obesity, diabetes and heart disease (Jackson 2002). â€Å" Therefore, the potential impact of population ageing on health systems is closely linked to theories about how trends in disability associated with chronic medical conditions and increases in life expectancy might interact with the demand for health services. User Fees The momentum towards achieving health target strengthened the concerns around sustainable health care financing and adequacy of the financing arrangements in this country. There is a necessity of increasing several options to finance health services in other areas of New Zealand and of these options is the institution of user-fees for health. Notably, these fees are charges imposed at the use of idea for different phase of health services and they might be charged as registration fees, consultation fees, fees for drugs and medical supplies or charges for any health services rendered, such as outpatient and inpatient care. Experts who promote user charges in health services view it as a pricing device which signals users and providers of health services as well as health planners in charge of health service outlets on how to manage health resources through payment for services. All the New Zealand residents and citizens can avail the health services for free provided by the government. However, due to the increase in the number of patients visiting to hospitals or any other public facilities there is a long queue before they can be scheduled to ask for a medical advice. And because of this, there is also an increase demand for medical professionals to work in a government facilities to serve for the patients. The government must allocate health care workers enough to solve this issue, they have to properly manage everything such as providing free medicines as well as to manage the number of staff and making sure that there is a less number of staff turn-over to manage the costs. More convenient community healthcare This target by the Ministry of Health was meat already. Ever since they began to change the healthcare delivery system of New Zealand the health of every individual in the community has a significant improvement. There is a lot of New Zealanders seek for medical advice and treatment from the health services. And it is said that 90 percent of those contacts occur in the community sector. It is called primary health care because it is the first place that people’s health needs are met. In 2009, the Ministry of health began to improve their services in the community. They introduce a better, sooner and more convenient approach in delivering health services in the community. This is to focus mainly on the individual health and achieve a better health outcome thereby decreasing the number of individuals going to hospitals if their condition doesn’t need an immediate medical treatment. If the person has to be admitted in the hospital the community will going to provide a referral for the person to be admitted in the hospital. In effect the new approach is removing barriers and creating a continuous health service. After all, from the patient’s point of view is that they don’t necessarily know who the person treating them, they do care about whether the services they receive are good.

Wall Mart of the Internet

From â€Å"Earth’s Biggest Bookstore† to â€Å"everything to everybody† to â€Å"Wall Mart of the Internet† to â€Å"World’s most customer-centric company†, Amazon has been tagged with these kinds of labels by its customers and followers. The reason for these many labels is because of the Amazon changing business model. Starting from Single-product and an intermediary with little inventory in 1995-1997 to Multi-product, profit-making, customer-oriented, investor, Services provider in 2000 Amazon has been changing its business model according to market conditions.One indication of a smart company is to continuously change its business model; it is an indication of smart company and ultimately the smart management team. It is also an indication that the company is learning and adopting itself to the external and internal environment. Amazon is the clear market leader for the largest US e-retailing categories of books, CDs and DVD movies. In var ious consumers’ polls, when respondents are asked for their experiences of e-shopping, Amazon â€Å"streaked ahead† of all others as the world’s favorite e-retailer.This means that Amazon is the undisputed favorite on considerations such as convenience, reliability and customer service. Amazon has achieved worldwide success and brand recognition due to paying attention to extensive offline advertising, which helped the company to become one of only three dot. com brands in the Interbrand world league table. It is an illustration of the power of branding that Amazon is the world’s top e-retailer. Before the dot. com downturn in the spring of 2000, the word â€Å"Internet† keyed into what seemed pervasive optimism for a new century.It meant youth, new possibilities and an opportunity to break with traditional business and create new rules. However, in 2000 things drastically changed as many e-commerce start-ups failed to return expected profits and w ent bankrupt. After this came valuable lessons across e-commerce, and evidence for incumbent retailers that factors such as having an established brand provide significant advantages in e-retail and play a part in customer loyalty and increased profit. Analysis of dot.com failures and comparison with traditional retailers in the same industry, for example eToys, which folded in 2000 and was subsequently bought by an established toy retailer, vs. Toys R Us, which successfully opened an e-retail channel through collaboration with Amazon, has revealed several advantages for the established retailer. Newcomers usually build their initial strategy on attracting new customers through aggressive marketing, brand-building and advertising, which logically lead to massive expenses and cash shortages.Amazon, however, has an existing customer base and can build on brand values that are already in place. Amazon’s marketing budgets allow the company to attempt new online projects or busine ss lines, unlike many start-ups. Founder of Amazon. com, J. Bezos rejected the traditional model for retailing. Having known that the usage of Internet is increasing every year with gigantic steps, – some resources report about 2000% usage increase annually, – Bezos decided that his retailing model should be intrinsically connected to Internet.While opening new physical retail outlets can expand the geographical reach of a business and add convenience for consumers, retailing online not only carries these benefits, but also offers further returns that are more specific to online trading. Bezos put books as Amazon’s core product, because they almost ideally correspond for the model of e-retailing. Low unit price, low risk cost, easy to pack and ship, and finally in a high and growing demand, books have become a perfect solution for Amazon’s model. Now books are by far the largest e-retailing category in the US.Research carried out by many companies illustr ates that about 65 per cent of the purchases made by Web shoppers in the US consisted of books. For newly created company, the Internet had global reach and provided the opportunity to trade internationally. For Bezos, Amazon’s broad benefits included the ability to trade 24 hours a day and seven days a week, and operate with lower overheads in terms of staff and space, while more particular advantages included the ability to increase the number of customer â€Å"touch points† and build more personalized customer experiences, products and relationships.However, again for J. Bezos these e-retail advantages did not imply that an online presence is a recipe in itself for success; that kind of thinking was tried and failed with the dot. com boom and bust. Instead, if there was any recipe for successful integration, Bezos found it in variants of established business practices, such as an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the business, for example in relation to technology awareness, which is a good indicator of e-commerce success.Amazon’s mission and strategy is quite simply â€Å"to offer Earth’s Biggest Selection and to be Earth’s most customer-centric company, where customers can find and discover anything they may want to buy online and [we] endeavor to offer our customers the lowest possible price. † The company accomplishes this by operating six global internet sites: www. amazon. com, www. amazon. ca, www. amazon. de, www. amazon. jp, www. amazon. co. fr and www. amazon. co. uk.Through their zShops, auctions, affiliate program, [email  protected] and Amazon Marketplace programs, Amazon, and their sellers and partners, offer new and used collectibles and products in categories such as apparel and accessories, DVDs, electronics, computers, books, music, videos, cell phones, tools and hardware, the list is almost endless. In order to maintain quality, the company packages and ships all of its merchandis e. They also continue to negotiate volume deals with suppliers to meet their goal of lowering prices.Additionally, Amazon has formed partnerships and alliances with publishers, other on-line retailers, technology providers, either handling their web site operations or linking them to its virtual portal. As part of their diversification strategy, Amazon recently acquired Internet Movie Database www. imdb. com (IMDb), which is an authoritative source of information on movie and entertainment (Dennis et al, 2004). This acquisition is one of many Amazon is making expand its product and service offerings.The company is also preparing to sell internet domain names and already has received the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) approval. In order to improve customer service the company is investing in operational facilities, like its multi-lingual customer service support center in the Netherlands, to meet its rapid growth, increase selection and meet future operat ional needs while building efficiencies. This strategy helps Amazon increase its low profit margin, decrease its operational cost, increase customer response and order processing services and pass that savings on to the customer.Amazon strives to provide customers with the best possible online shopping experience by leveraging their powerful and innovative technologies. Part of the company’s competitiveness lies in their proprietary technology, which is licensed to companies like Target to run their e-commerce site. Its patented portal technology allows the customer to customize their on-line experience with personalized home page, product recommendations, email notifications on orders and new products, the ability to post reviews, 1-click ordering, search functions, up selling, and secure shopping cart functions, to name a few.Furthermore, they use technology to drive customer relationships. As an example, the company uses pop up daughter windows to quiz customers about Amaz on. These pop up windows survey the customer about Amazon related facts and in return the customer can get up to . 25 cents a day put in their account for answering questions. Building on this use of technology the company recently received patent approval and plans to add a chat function to enhance the customer experience and help consumers find products through each other.Through its Web Services development and affiliate program it encourages web site owners and developers to create applications capable of interacting with Amazon’s catalog, search engine, shopping cart and merchandising tools. In an effort to remain competitive and preempt new technology Amazon has an ongoing program to develop, update and add software and hardware including partnerships like it’s recently inked deal with Google. com. This will allow them to avoid service disruptions; slow response times, poor levels of customer service, and delays in information delivery.Amazon uses its proprietary technology to transform the online purchasing experience into the easiest and most enjoyable shopping experience online. The site communicates to the customer a visual feel of being in a one stop shop where they can find and purchase virtually anything they want. The site loads quickly, is easily navigated, allows the customer to instantly see an array of products, and provides a host of other customer driven enhancements designed to drive customer satisfaction. Amazon’s site conveys to the customers they can have it their way, all day.And by placing its image on everything it touches Amazon continually reinforces its brand, making it one of the most recognized customer-centric brands in the world. For the first time in year 2000, Amazon management has set its focus on making profit. Again, it is an indication of nothing but smart, opportunistic management that utilized its strength to grow. It is very clear that Amazon management team is very focused. In order to meets its future targets, Amazon has implemented a restructuring plan.It will allow Amazon to reduce operating costs, reduce employee staff, and strengthen some of its fulfillment and customer service operations. According to the quarterly report released by amazon. com for quarter ended September 30, 2004 â€Å"There has been a steep decline in operating costs† (Amazon, Quarterly results, 2004). This has improved the performance of the company. Since its beginning, Amazon has adopted various e-Business model to increase its customer base and recently set its focus on making profit. Given below are the strategies adopted by Amazon.Amazon has a track recording of first gaining expertise in the market and then scaling into other areas. For example, Amazon started with a web-based bookstore model and after gaining expertise in various operations expanded to other segments and geographies. Another example is, after capturing the US market; it expanded its business to Europe, namely the U. K, France and Germany and then to Japan. One advantage of this approach is that the incremental costs to expand the business, whether to multiple product line or geographically are small.This strategy of perfecting before scaling helps in long-term survival and growth of the company. Since its beginning, Amazon has always kept focus on the needs of its customer and never lost sight of it. This gives Amazon a strong foothold of the internet retail business. Playing on this customer strength, Amazon has struck deals with industry leaders retailers Toysrus. com, Borders, Drugstore. com, and Target to help them draw customers to their Web sites, thereby giving birth to its services segment. Amazon is playing on its strength here and in the process creating a place for itself as a provider of e-tail services.Under Amazon’s cooperative model, the partners do not compete with each other and try to lessen each other risks. This cooperation represents a symbiotic relationship, where t he two partners do what they do best while depending on each other to eliminate respective weaknesses. On August 10 2000, Amazon and Toyrus announced a strategic alliance. According to the press release by Amazon â€Å"The two companies have entered into a strategic alliance under which each company will assume responsibility for specific aspects of the toy and video games and baby products stores.Toysrus. com, in collaboration with its majority shareholder, Toys â€Å"R† Us, Inc. , will identify, buy and manage inventory; Amazon. com will handle site development, order fulfillment, and customer service, housing both Toysrus. com's and its own inventory in Amazon. com’s U. S. distribution centers† (Dennis et al. , 2004:118). This alliance helped Amazon in eliminating its inventory risk, as it does not have to purchase or store any toys until the customer have ordered and paid for the goods. Under Amazon’s coopetitive model the two parties act as provider and customer.Both the parties compete with each other but one party tries to lessen other risks and in return gets the share of others business. On Apr 11, 2001 Amazon and Border announced strategic alliance. According to the press release by Amazon on Apr 11, 2001, â€Å"Amazon. com will be the seller of record, providing inventory, fulfillment, site content and customer service for the co-branded site. The new site will continue to offer content unique to Borders. com, including store location information and in-store event calendars† (Prior, 20001:6).In this case Amazon will continue to sell books on its own, but will also provide services to Border. In return Amazon will get a share of every sale by Border. According to an article on Informit. com â€Å"The Click and Brick model allows an existing offline business to profit from partnering with an emerging online presence†. [5] In this regard, Amazon has struck a deal with electronic retailer Circuit city. This wil l give the customer, the advantages of picking up their purchases from hundreds of stores rather then paying for shipment charges.Amazon will receive a share of the revenues for all Circuit City electronics goods sold through Amazon. Amazon will be responsible for processing the transaction while Circuit City will be responsible for order fulfillment and product-related customer service. In all these cases, Amazon is extending its channel expertise in Web retailing to â€Å"e-nable† other retailers. With a full year’s experienced retailers under its belt, Amazon is set to scale the service model. The Borders and Circuit City deals are important steps in that direction.The coopetitive model is converting Amazon into a â€Å"product-less platform provider†, directly impacting its bottom line, with no inventory costs. The business model adopted by Amazon has given it a boost in its online business. By making strategic alliances with the industry leader and making t he life of customer has made Amazon a profit making company. According to 2004, financial results Amazons’ â€Å"Operating cash flow was $567 million for 2004, compared with $392 million for 2003. Free cash flow grew 38% to $477 million for 2004, compared with $346 million for 2003.Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards outstanding totaled 434 million at December 31, 2004, compared with 433 million a year ago. Net sales were $2. 54 billion in the fourth quarter, compared with $1. 95 billion in fourth quarter 2003, an increase of 31%. Net sales, excluding the $85 million benefit from changes in foreign exchange rates, grew 26% compared with fourth quarter 2003† (Amazon, 2005). Amazon business model has steadily evolved and over the years the large retailers have realized the importance of Business-to-consumer e-commerce.In contemporary context, along with other e-commerce companies Amazon experiences several problems. Financial and marketing analytics indicate that due to increased online competition, Amazon is gradually loosing its market share. Experts and investors indicate that Amazon’s technology and content costs soared 59% in the quarter, while the company keeps spending heavily on marketing campaigns, free-shipping promotions and other marketing activities to attract customers to shop regularly on its site.It is not surprising that Amazon is spending estimated 60 percent of their revenue on numerous marketing activities and building an appropriate brand image. Amazon’s brand allows company to be known, distinct, and credible in the minds of existent and potential customers, consumers, and stakeholders. Amazon’s brand facilitate the building of relationships with existing and potential customers, consumers, and stakeholders. In addition, company’s brand communicates the benefits offered to buyers and stakeholders that embody the value system of the company.Due to increased online comp etition, the brand image strategy utilized by Amazon is justified because it helps to retain existing customers and to attract new ones, gradually making them returning. For every business, particularly online e-retailing, good customers’ returning rate is an indication of a healthy business. That’s why Amazon should pursue this aggressive marketing and branding strategy to keep its customers. Many analysts discuss merger opportunities for Amazon. The merger will help Amazon. com expand the market share in E-commerce and create a new passageway.For instance, Amazon. com can merge with Wal-Mart, which has $26 billion market value and only $756 million debt. Now Wal-Mart is interested in E-commerce and online shopping. If Amazon. com merges with Wal-Mart, they will become the largest retail company in E-commerce. Amazon. com will also increase its market share. In addition, after the merger, Amazon. com can gain more marketing resources from Wal-Mart to create a new sale s passageway. For instance, customers can purchase the products from Amazon. com on the Internet and pick the items, or return them at Wal-Mart.It will provide additional choose for customers. The merger may help Amazon to create new customers and products. Bertelsmann has $14 billion market value and the company’s strategy now is focusing on music retailing and book sales. Their business is related to Amazon’s business. The CEO of Bertelsmann is also trying to open their business in American market (Brynjolfsson & Urban, 2001). If Amazon. com merges with this company, it will gain the new customers from Bertelsmann. Furthermore, integrating the products from Bertelsmann, Amazon.com can create new products on their website. Finally, a merger can improve and cover the financial loss of Amazon such as net sales loss, long-dept and cash loss. For instance, if Amazon merges with General Growth Properties, which has 136 malls in 37 states and owns $2. 8 billion market value , Amazon. com can still keep the power of operation and exercise the new marketing strategies (Brynjolfsson & Urban, 2001). Moreover, Amazon. com can gain the financial support from this company to cover its long-debt $2 billion. In addition, the merger will help Amazon.com increase the financial resources such as the amount of cash flow, and also decrease the cost and expense of the company. Another future prospect is to invent a new E-business strategy. E-commerce is one way that people can trade on the Internet. This trading system is very important, but it is not the only thing that the e-commerce enterprises should focus on. Amazon. com is a giant in E-commerce and the company uses Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) to trade, but Amazon cannot make profits even though the company has very strong technological support.Some specialists point out that communication, resources allocation, and project management guarantees success in E-commerce. Effective communication, which can improve bu siness performance, is one of the objectives that Amazon. com should fulfill. Effective communication includes two aspects: internal and external. First of all, internal communication emphasizes negotiation. Necessary and correct information must be communicated precisely between the employees or the departments. Secondly, external communication emphasizes on empowerment and good timing.For instance, Customer Services is a department that helps customers to solve problems. They have to communicate with the customers and understand what the customers want and need, and then report to the departments or the board. If the customer service department has the power to react immediately from the problems of customers and has good communication and relationship with the customers, it will create more business opportunities for Amazon. com. The second key that helps industry to succeed in E-commerce is resources allocation. There are various resources in the enterprises such as human resour ces and customer resources.First of all, concerning human resources, Amazon. com should understand employees’ particularities and arrange them in appropriate positions. If the employees are set in the right positions, the company should become more efficient. Secondly, in regard to customer resources, Amazon should collect information, such as suggestion, complaint or demand from the customers and then try to improve their products or services to provide better services to the customers. If the services satisfy the customers, Amazon will create more and more opportunities and new customers in the near future.For example, new outsourcing strategies should be used to collect focus group to survey customers’ opinions. The third key that may become helpful for Amazon is project management. A successful E-commerce enterprise should focus on project management. Project management emphasizes teamwork (Epstein, 2004). There are many teams in the company and each team has its d ifferent project and goal. Each team also has its power to make the decision. The responsibility of the team is to achieve the product. The responsibility of the enterprise is to manage the teams and make sure that the projects can be finished effectively.Distributing the limited resources to different teams and projects is the great challenge to the project management. The best way to overcome this challenge is to emphasize effective communication and negotiation Amazon. com is now considered as the world’s largest e-retailer of books, CDs and DVDs. The Amazon’s web portal is user-friendly, enabling e-Shoppers to find books quickly by title, author or subject. Users can find their title in seconds from a few keywords. Synopses and contents lists are provided, along with a list of other relevant books.Amazon keeps a record of customers’ preferences and advises when new books likely to be of interest are published. During many years, Amazon is renowned for custom er service, security and fast delivery. However, in current business context, the company is loosing market share, though is still well-recognized leader in online industry. The company keeps heavily investing in its brand through aggressive online and offline marking, building appropriate brand awareness among its current and potential clients. References Amazon, Inc. (2004). Quarterly results, Available at < http://media. corporate-ir.net/media_files/irol/97/97664/reports/91338ACL. pdf> Amazon, Inc. (2005). Press release Q4 Financial Results, Available at < http://media. corporate-ir. net/media_files/irol/97/97664/news/Release_Q4_04. pdf> Retrieved June 5, 2006 Dennis C. , Fenech T. , Merrilees B. (2004). E-Retailing, Routledge, London Brynjolfsson E. and Urban G. (2001). Strategies for E-Business Success, Jossey-Bass Epstein M. (2004). Implementing E-Commerce Strategies: A Guide to Corporate Success after the Dot. Com Bust, Praeger Prior, M. (2001). â€Å"Amazon to Operate Borde rs. com. † DSN Retailing Today, May 1, 40(9): 6.

Notes On Friends And Relationships - 755 Words

Nguyen Catherine Lisa Mulkerin-Carey Health 6 July 2015 Assignment 2:Friends and Relationships A good relationship with a friend contains a variety of factors. They are faithfulness, respect, integrity, and sacrificial. One of these factors alone make an â€Å"okay† relationship, but together, it contributes to a strong, healthy relationship. Friends being faithful, results in having both sides being loyal. No one would put the other side in a bad spot, and talk behind their back. Both sides need to remain respectful as well. This means to respect their flaws, actions, and personality. If one were to disrespect the other, tension will slowly build, and ruin their friendship. In integrity, both sides must be honest. When one makes a mistake, he or she must apologize or otherwise, tension and grudges will be left behind. A very important factor is to be sacrificial. Friends must give up to help the other. It shows how much they care, and what friendships mean to them. 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What Does a Tarantula Eat Daily

Tarantulas are highly skilled spiders capable of conquering just about any organism, even those larger than themselves. Their clever hunting tactics make them formidable apex predators and allow the animal to thrive in many environments. They are generalist hunters and opportunists that will always be able to find something to eat and few will be able to stand in their path. Tarantula Diet Tarantulas are carnivores, meaning that they feed on meat. They eat many kinds of large insects such as crickets, grasshoppers, June beetles, cicadas, millipedes, caterpillars, and other spiders. Larger tarantulas will also eat frogs, toads, fish, lizards, bats, and even small rodents and snakes. The Goliath birdeater is a South American species whose diet is known to consist partially of small birds. Ingestion and Digestion of Prey Like other spiders, tarantulas cannot eat their prey in solid form and can only ingest liquids. Because of this, when a tarantula captures a live meal, it bites the prey with sharp fangs, or chelicerae, that inject it with paralyzing venom. The fangs can also help to crush the prey. Once the prey is immobilized, the tarantula secretes digestive enzymes that liquefy its body. The spider then sucks up its meal using straw-like mouthparts under its fangs. A tarantula has a sucking stomach that enables the ingestion and digestion of liquids.  When the sucking stomachs powerful muscles contract, the stomach inflates, creating a strong suction that permits the tarantula to drain its liquefied prey up through the mouth and into the intestines. Once the liquefied food enters the intestines, it is broken down into particles small enough to pass into the bloodstream through the intestinal walls. The nutrients are spread and absorbed throughout the body in this way. After feeding, the carcass of the prey is formed into a small ball and disposed of by the tarantula. Where Tarantulas Hunt Tarantulas hunt close to where they live, which is why they can be found preying on organisms in a wide range of habitats. Some  genera  of tarantulas hunt prey primarily in trees, while others hunt on or near the ground. They may choose where to seek food based on what is available nearby or what type of prey they are after. Silk is very useful in hunting prey for many species of tarantulas. While all tarantulas can produce  silk, it can be used in a variety of ways. Tree-dwelling species typically reside in a silken tube tent where they can watch for prey and eat their meals. Terrestrial species line their burrows with silk that stabilizes the burrow walls and enables them to climb up and down when it is time to hunt or mate. Unlike other spiders, tarantulas do not use their silk to trap or web prey. Predators of Tarantulas Though fearsome predators themselves, tarantulas are prey to many creatures. A certain type of insect, one that is much different from the small and defenseless prey a tarantula is accustomed to, is the most specialized predator to feed on tarantulas. Tarantula hawks are aptly named members of the wasp family. These large and ruthless wasps track and attack large tarantulas with a sting that paralyzes them, but the catch is not for themselves. They carry their live prey to secluded nests where they lay an egg on the tarantulas back. When the egg hatches, the newborn wasp larva burrows into the tarantulas incapacitated body and feeds on its insides. The tarantula is eaten from the inside out and kept alive for as long as possible until the larva pupates and consumes it entirely. Giant centipedes and humans also prey on tarantulas. Tarantulas are considered a delicacy by certain cultures in Venezuela and Cambodia and can be enjoyed after roasting them over an open fire to remove the hairs that irritate human skin.